The Ethics of Torture Essay Example for Free

The Ethics of Torture Essay Torture is causing pain and suffering to gain information and confessions. It’s a traditional, historical, well-understood term. Waterboarding is a form of torture in which a bound, gagged prisoner is forced to breathe in water. There are several techniques but all produce the same effects, a physical sensation of drowning and a psychological sensation of panic, fear and loss of control. Calling it anything other than torture is absurd. You wouldn’t call a bank robbery a â€Å"cash gathering technique,† even if the president said it was so. There are no such things as â€Å"enhanced interrogation methods. † That is the euphemism the Bush administration used in 2002 when they were redefining torture so the president could authorize it. There is never an excuse to torture a person, not even during war. It undermines our cause, endangers our soldiers on the battlefield by encouraging reciprocity, and it breeds more enemies of the United States than coercive interrogation methods will ever allow us to capture. As recently as November 12th of this year, Herman Cain and Rep. Michele Bachmann said during a Republican presidential debate in South Carolina that they would approve waterboarding of prisoners to extract information. They denied that waterboarding is torture, even though it’s been classified as such since the Spanish Inquisition. â€Å"Very disappointed by statements at S. C. GOP debate supporting waterboarding,† Senator John McCain wrote on Twitter two days later. â€Å"Waterboarding is torture. † This is a man who was a POW during the Vietnam War. Having been tortured at the hands of the North Vietnamese, he knows first-hand what that kind of treatment can do to a human being. If we truly believe ourselves to be a model for the world and an example for all of history, then why would we practice torture? When you pour water onto someone until he gasps for air and feels as if he’s drowning, you’re not enhancing your interrogation. You’re putting him through a hell as physical as it is psychological. You’re torturing him, by any sane definition of the term. When we deny any sort of justice or due process to individuals in the name of protecting America, we become the ultimate hypocrites. How can we as a nation, hold other nations to standards that we’re not meeting ourselves? In 2009, Dick Cheney told Fox News that, Those interrogations were involved in the arrest of nearly all the Al Qaeda members that we were able to bring to justice. Cheney’s statement begs the question, how many innocent people were imprisoned and tortured in our fanatical hunt for possible terrorists? Well, out of about 775 detainees held at GITMO, 420 were released without being charged. Less than 10 were ever convicted of terrorist activities. The abuse of prisoners can occasionally produce good intelligence but more often produces bad intelligence, Under torture a person will say anything he thinks his captors want to hear — true or false — if he believes it will relieve his suffering. Often, information provided to stop the torture is deliberately misleading. Senator McCain has said that while being tortured, he was asked for the names of all the men in his regiment. He gave his captors the names of the Green Bay Packers offensive line instead. The most obvious thing we can do is stand as an example of a nation that holds an individual’s human rights as superior to the will of the majority. Write your congressmen and tell them that the sanctioned use of torture by the government is wrong. If we as a nation build a wall of fear with the rest of the world, it’s a decision with far-reaching negative consequences. Through the violence, chaos and heartache of war, through deprivation and cruelty and loss, we are always Americans, and different, stronger and better than those who would destroy us.

George Withers poem, By Knowledge, Life wee gaine, All other things to Death pertaine :: Philosophy Poet Poem Essays

George Wither's poem, By Knowledge, Life wee gaine, All other things to Death pertaine "Vivitur Ingenio Caetera Mortis Erut," roughly translated means, "Live intellectually. In all other matters, death is master." This phrase borders the emblem of George Wither's poem, By Knowledge, Life wee gaine, All other things to Death pertaine. This poem admonishes the reader to beware of a life too concerned with worldly pleasures, titles and treasures, which he says, belong to death and will return to him upon our death. He entreats us, rather, to concentrate on knowledge, honest actions, holy study and charity, which will provide a virtuous nature which cannot be removed by kings, time or death. In Thomas More's Utopia, we see an example of a people living by these examples, but in a self-motivated way. The fact that this society has adopted these sentiments as a purely logical survival mechanism can be seen in the differing attitudes between Utopian individual and Utopian nation toward education and learning, wealth and virtue. The poem's emblem shows a man, sitting under the Tree of Knowledge, with his hand on a stack of books contemplating lofty thoughts. He has his back turned from personified Death. George Wither says, "That Knowledge, and that Treasure seeks to find, Which may enrich thy Heart with perfect Joy." We are to understand that learning and knowledge are the most important things to occupy our time in the short life. The Utopian held the wise and learned man in the highest esteem, elevating him to positions of leadership and excusing him from the normal work duties of society. These leaders are tasked with upholding the laws and maintaining a balanced society. Utopians are skilled in "music, dialectic, arithmetic, geometry...logistics," and devour up the Greek classic which Hythlodaeus brings to the island. The nation of Utopia, on the other hand, is quite different. It is a very closed society. It deals in the baser occupations of commerce and even buys slaves from neighboring nations. The n ation holds itself in such high regard that there are no lessons to be learned from it's neighbors. Contrasting the wise man in the emblem is the skeleton hoarding treasures. Among these items are gold, a crown and a coat of arms representing, respectively, wealth, power and honor. These items are in the possession of death, apparently reverting to him after the foolish ones have died. As a socialist society, everything is provided for and by Utopians.

American vs Nepalese Culture

The American and Nepalese culture have some similarities but many differences. The American culture is a Western and a diverse culture; whereas, the Nepalese culture is Eastern and less diverse. There is a public education system for everyone in the American culture, and the literacy rate is high. In Nepal, there is a public education system also but the literacy rate is low. There is more freedom for people in American culture; on the other hand, in Nepalese culture, there is less freedom and more rules. One of the other differences that can be seen between American and Nepalese culture is in family relations.The behavior of the people is very different between this tow cultures. Many different racial groups form the American culture. The major ethnic groups in the United States are Europeans, Hispanics, African/Americans, Asians and Pacific Islanders, and many other minor ethnic groups. The distinct groups in the United States have different religions. The major religions in the Un ited States are Catholicism, Protestantism and Judaism. Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism are also minor religions in the United States.English is the main language in the United States but also Spanish and other languages are spoken in different cities. In the Southern part of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California, the majority of people are Spanish speaking. In Nepalese culture, there is little ethnic diversity and the ethnics groups are not from other countries. The major groups are the Sherpa, the largest group, who lives in the northern, mountainous part of the country; the Gurung, who live in the central part of Nepal, and the Adabasi, who live in the southern part of the country.These people are born in Nepal and are not from other countries like the American ethnic groups. There are a few Muslims and Christians, but the major religions are Hinduism and Buddhism. Nepali is the major language in Nepal. In government offices, private offices and in school, they use the Nepali l anguage; whereas, in cities and towns, the different ethnic groups speak their own dialects. The Nepalese school system is based on tradition and religion in the rural areas and in the urban areas, there is a modern education system.Parents can choose any public school, they like for their children; there is no restriction on children having gone to school in the town or village where they live. In America, students have to go to the school in the town in which they live. In the American culture, people are individual oriented and individual value is greater than family value. People believe in their work, and they do the hard work. The American people plan things ahead, and they become successes in their future. The American people are independence, and they make their own decisions.Americans follow the time and its value. In Nepalese culture, people are family-oriented and the family value is greater than the individual value. The Nepalese people believe in god, and they wait for the people who can do their work. The Nepalese people do not plan any things and do their work, and they become unsuccessful in their future. In Nepalese culture, people depend on other, and they cannot make their own decision. The elder's person in the makes the decision, and other family's member follow that decision. In Nepalese culture, people cannot follow the time, and they are lazy.The American people follow a law and order. They behave friendly to each other, even if they are unknown. The American are polite and helpful. The American people wait for the turn and follow the advice, given by other. The Nepalese people do not follow the law and order. The rich people dominate the miserable people and there is a slavery system in Nepal. The poor people live in the house of rich, and do their work for nothing. Nepalese do not behave friendly to each other. Nepalese people do not wait for the turn instead and crowed in the same place fighting each other.

Analysis Of William Golding s Lord Of The Flies - 1006 Words

Hofert 1 Jordan Hofert Ms. Frangipane Study of Genre English 9 Block F 25 February 2016 The Power of Power A recurring theme among leaders in many societies today is that â€Å"absolute power corrupts absolutely† (John Acton, a 1700’s English Catholic historian, politician, and writer). In William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, this idea of leadership, power, and corruption is put in the spotlight. Jack, one of the boys on the island, forces his way into the leadership position without actually earning it. It is clear that Jack has become corrupt as he turns into a person who is intimidating, egotistical, and selfish. Ralph, on the other hand, is a quality leader under most conditions as he appeals to the boys’ sophisticated side and has a†¦show more content†¦Meanwhile, Ralph values the group over himself, and wants everyone to have a say in any decisions made. Jack gets fed up with his lack of power, so he decides to try to become the leader. He asks if anyone wants to come with him, and says, â€Å"Hands up?’ said Jack strongly..... ‘H ow many think –’ His voice trailed off. The hands that held the conch shook. He cleared his throat, and spoke loudly. ‘All right then.’ †¦. The humiliating tears were running from the corner of each eye. ‘I’m not going to play any longer. Not with you’†(127). Jack acts like a little kid in this scene. This hunger for power demonstrated by Jack has made him corrupt, so much that he will not tolerate being with the others if he can’t be the leader. Jack tries to portray an image of manliness, but it is evident that it is not true when he starts crying. Qualities like this are why Jack is incapable of being the leader. Overall, Ralph is able to handle the power that he is given in a more mature way than Jack. Successful leaders will know where their strengths are best suited, whether it is leading smaller tasks or taking on larger responsibilities. As the leader of the choir, Jack had limited power, which satisfied everyone. Ralph pointed out that Jack was, â€Å"‘in charge of the choir.† So, â€Å"They can be what [he] want[s] them to be?† Jack chose, â€Å"Hunters†(23). He has control over a few of the boys, which gives him what he wants, power, but not too much. At the time everyone respected this idea of aShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of William Golding s Lord Of The Flies 1814 Words   |  8 Pagespresented, Lord of the Flies written by William Golding, this change in people particularly through aggressive and violent behavior is ever-present throughout the text. The causes of aggression and or violent behavior in this case are a subject that is widely debated with different theories of causation supporting each side. Two of these sides presented can be seen in the articles †A Bully’s Future, From Hard Life to Hard Time† written by Jane Brody, and â€Å"To Study Aggression, a Fight Club for Flies† writtenRead MoreAnalysis Of William Golding s Lord Of The Flies 980 Words   |  4 PagesDeven Patel English 1, Period 4 22 September 2014 Society s defects stem from the defects inherent in human nature. William Golding wrote this after publishing Lord of the Flies. It is our world, in the form of a story. The two leaders in the story are Ralph and Jack. Ralph starts off a comfortable leader of the boys, but by the end of the book, Ralph and his companion Piggy are alone facing Jack and the rest of the boys. As the novel progresses and the society on the island starts to changeRead MoreAnalysis Of William Golding s Lord Of The Flies Essay2545 Words   |  11 Pages Honors English 9A-Period 5 November 18, 2016 The Corruption of Power Abraham Lincoln said, â€Å"Nearly all men can stand adversity, but if you want to test a man s character, give him power.† Power can destroy traces of civilization or bring forth civilization; it can be both a good or bad thing. In William Golding’s The Lord of the Flies, the entire island is power hungry and it is fueled by it. Leaving the boys alone on an island, without any grownups, left all the power and control in the boys’Read MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1389 Words   |  6 PagesA response to Lord Of The Flies Imagine an airplane crash. The heat of flames scorch passengers’ backs in addition to the wind burning their faces. Lucky, this crash was over water and near an island so most passengers survive, with an exception of the airplane staff and the pilot. Even though alive, many are in fits of fear and panic, and others are in shock. After hurried deliberation, a lone member of the group is elected leader in hopes that they will calm the panic, and make the hard, but necessaryRead MoreSocietal Breakdown On The Island1720 Words   |  7 PagesSocietal breakdown on the island in ‘Lord of the Flies’ is due to the inherent evil of man 3.8: Develop an informed understanding of literature and/or language using critical texts. Hypothesis: Societal breakdown on the island is due to the inherent evil of man Jason Carvalho ‘Lord of the Flies’ is the name of William Golding’s historically famous novel, yet it is more than just a title. It is a kind of statement, a way of mocking the very existences of humanity. Reading this book I cameRead MoreLord of The Flies Essay1673 Words   |  7 PagesLord of the Flies was published in 1954 by William Golding. Today Lord of the Flies is a well known literary criticism. Many schools require their students to read Lord of the Flies because of the literary criticisms in the book. In this paper three themes or literary criticisms are talked about: good vs. evil, symbolism of characters, and maturity of characters. Another topic in Goldings Lord of the Flies is the battle of good vs. evil. Everything seems to start out just fine on the island; theRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding1152 Words   |  5 PagesJonathan Vautour Mrs. Fils World Literature 3 November 2015 Simon: Lord of the Flies The book â€Å"Lord of the flies† is story of a group of boys who were marooned on an island and forced to survive and the effect on their moral stability. In the beginning the reader is introduced to the character Simon. He was a skinny vivid little boy whose hair, black as night and coarse, hung down straight over his face (Oldsey and Weintraub 182-183). Golding’s writing style and background can be seen by how he decidedRead MoreWilliam Golding And Lord Of The Flies Analysis1031 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Golding fulfills Hobbes’ ideas about man with Lord of the Flies in the moments when Jack and Ralph argue over whether to hunt for meat or build shelters, when Simon is killed by the boys, and when Samneric betray Ralph and join Jack’s tribe. An early example in the novel where Golding supports Hobbes’ ideas about man is when Jack and Ralph argue over whether to hunt for meat or build shelters. Hobbes discusses the competition between men with the same desires as he writes, â€Å"And thereforeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Lord Of The Flies 889 Words   |  4 PagesRandall English-4 15 April 2016 LOTF Literary Analysis Stranded on an island, a group of boys have the choice to be civil or savage. In Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, British schoolboys are marooned on an island. They voted Ralph to be the leader in an effort to remake the culture that they had left behind, accompanied by the intelligent Piggy as counselor. But Jack wants to be the leader too, and he individually lures all of the boys away from civility to the brutal survivalism of huntersRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding821 Words   |  4 Pageseven to show leadership? Well if you haven’t, then for sure you will be amazed! In the novel Lord of the Flies, the author William Golding specifically focuses on how a group of children ends up on an unknown island without rules and order in which they become savages and nearly act similarly to animals in one way or another. One symbol in this novel is the conch shell. The conch shell in Lord of the Flies represents leadership and civilization, in which allows Ralph , the leader of the group, to call

Frederick Douglass Argument On Slavery - 819 Words

Slavery was extremely common throughout the southern culture. In the 1800s, many slave owners thought it fair for Africans to work without pay, because they believed that this particular group of people were destined with no future of any sort, and that slave owners were ever caring of their slaves in any way , making slavery a tough life; be that as it may, Frederick Douglasss Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave brings forth to many of the injustices that African Americans were forced to face in the 1800s under Southern slavery. The narrative of Douglasss life is presented in a way that makes a captivative argument against the establishment of slavery, told within anecdotes, graphic details and inhumane†¦show more content†¦As Douglass told â€Å" Some years ago, when you were beginning to tell me your real name and birthplace, you may remember I stopped you, and preferred to remain ignorant of all†,only in this case to the upcoming genera tions of the slaves and their children as they grow older, were prevented from learning how to read and write, as literacy would give them a sense of self‑sufficiency and capability. Ignorance was severely displayed throughout the narrative. The slave owners believed that there is no need to give privileges to the slaves because they dont have a future in where they can put these privileges to use.The slaves are required to behave in a particular manner when they are interacting with their masters. Slave masters regulate fears among the slaves, since it keeps the slaves under ‘control’. When they speak the truth, they are punished by their owners. As a child Frederick Douglass was introduced to the acts of violence towards slaves including the beatings as too common amongst them. He mentioned â€Å" I have often been awakened at the down of the day by the most heart-rendering shrieks of an own aunt of mine, whom he used to tie up to a joist, and whip upon her naked back till she was literally covered with blood†. The total disrespect by slaveholders towards the slaveShow MoreRelatedNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1498 Words   |  6 Pagesessential means of life was slavery. In the novel, Narrative of The Life of Frederick Douglass, Douglass challenges and debunks the idea of slavery being a necessary part of the white lifestyle; many pro-slavery arguments consisted of religion justifying slavery, slaves being â€Å"easily manipulated†/ignorant, and slavery keeping the southern economy from disappearing (The Proslavery Argument). Frederick uses personal experiences and other tactics to expose the truth behind slavery to those abolitionistsRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Frederick Douglass s `` Why The Slave Is The Fourth Of July ``1007 Words   |  5 PagesFrederick Douglass touches on the fight for African-American rights in the 1852 America in his writingâ€Å"What to the Slave is the Fourth of July† speech, he uses rhetorical devices in order to build and establish an argument. In his speech, his intention is to make slavery completely abolished . Frederick Douglass believes that America’s independence celebration on the fourth of July is not right when not all American’s truly have that right because of slavery. Through his use of three rhetoricalRead MoreKey Arguments in The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass1154 Words   |  5 Pagesof key arguments in â€Å"The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass†. A few of which include inequality, education, and Christianity as the keys to freedom in terms of its true values wit hin the institution of slavery. While Frederick Douglass made some key arguments, he also made common ground to make his appeal for the abolition of slavery. One of the key arguments in â€Å"The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass† as well as in other narratives about slaves is inequality. Douglass attemptsRead More Frederick Douglass Essays505 Words   |  3 Pagesthe Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave is an account of Frederick Douglass’ life written in a very detached and objective tone. You might find this tone normal for a historical account of the events of someone’s life if not for the fact that the narrative was written by Frederick Douglass himself. In light of the fact that Douglass wrote his autobiography as a treatise in support of the abolishment of slavery, the removed tone was an effective tone. It gave force to his argument that slaveryRead MoreFrederick Douglass : A Revolutionary Leader And Pioneer1617 Words   |  7 PagesLife histoory of Frederick Douglass Frederick Douglass, social reformer of an African American descent, was an orator, writer, statesman, abolitionist movement leader. He was born in 1818 in Talbot County in the United States in the area of Maryland. He gained prominence because of his extraordinary oratory skills. His antislavery writings were appreciated across America, particularly when he pointed out that the slaves lacked the basic intellectual rights to perform as the independent AmericanRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay858 Words   |  4 PagesAnnotated Bibliography Boxill, Bernard. Frederick Douglass’s Patriotism. Journal of Ethics 13.4 (2009): 301-317. EBSCO. Web. 19 Oct 2015. Bernard argues that Frederick Douglass always was a patriot even throughout slavery. He states that most Americans are patriots even if they do not agree with the politics, but rather just a love for their country. It talks about Americans who give selfless amounts of time toward the improvement of America. Buccola, Nicholas. Each for All and All for Each:Read MoreEssay on Frederick Douglas1606 Words   |  7 PagesPaper on Frederick Douglass In the 1800s, slavery was a predominant issue in the United States, one that most Americans in the South dealt with daily. The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass reveals much about American history during the time of slavery as well as expounds arguments for the abolition of slavery. As a historical document, it conveys information about the slave family, work, the master-slave relationship, and the treatment and living conditions of slaves. As an antislaveryRead MoreNarrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Essay1226 Words   |  5 PagesFrederick Douglass was born in Maryland in 1818 as a slave to a maritime captain, Captain Anthony. After decades of enslavement, Frederick Douglass escaped to the North and became one of the prominent members and drivers of the abolitionist movement. In an effort to provide an eye-opening account of the harsh treatment of slaves, Douglass wrote Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. In his autobiography, Frederick Douglass detai led his life beginning from his meager early years through hisRead More Response of Fredrick Douglass to Uncle Toms Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe964 Words   |  4 PagesFredrick Douglass Response to Uncle Toms Cabin      Ã‚   Frederick Douglass was arguably the most prominent African American abolitionist during the mid-19th century. He established his notoriety through his narrative entitled Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave published in 1845. Frederick Douglass also produced an African American newspaper, Frederick Douglass Paper, which highlighted the reception and critiques of Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin. FrederickRead MoreFrederick Douglass Process Essay1012 Words   |  4 PagesDouglass Process Essay Slavery has always been one of the most, if not the most, shocking phenomenons of our world. Slavery, by itself seems very unnatural and entices mixed feelings various different people especially in our country during the 1800s which had been divided into the north and south due to this controversial issue. In the north, for the most part, people had believed that slaves had the right to be free and slavery was unjust which is why it was abolished in 1804. This differed from

We Must Fight Against Water Pollution Essays - 1758 Words

Over two thirds of Earths surface is covered by water; less than a third is taken up by land. As Earths population continues to develop, people are putting stress on the planets water resources. In our oceans, rivers, and other inland waters are being compressed by human activities. Poorer water quality means water pollution, it means one or more substances have built up in water to such an extent that they cause problems for animals or people, there are many causes in our world that needs to be fixed in Health care or else the human world will be in chaos, which extinction will occur to animals and diseases will spread to human beings that cannot be cured.40% of water got polluted and the death rate in the human civilization will†¦show more content†¦Drains also receive untreated domestic and industrial waste water which are sources of toxic organic and inorganic pollutants. Homes and businesses produce public solid waste as a result of everyday actions. Organic waste constitutes about 60% of public solid waste, paper averages 11%, and glass, plastic, textiles, bones and metal, Of the 15 million tons of municipal solid waste generated annually, about 65% is in urban areas and the rest are from rural areas. Waste collection efficiency ranges from 90%in high-income areas to 10% in rural low-income areas where solid waste is dumped in government-designated sites or in adjacent land where it putrefies and self-ignites. Waste is also sometimes burned or disposed into undeveloped drains and irrigation canals, thus significantly corrupting water quality and increasing health problems. Another major cause resulting water pollution is Fast urbanization and industrialization resulting In discharge of untreated or partially treated wastewater, joined with massive abstraction of water for irrigation, industrial and domestic use, are the main causes of water quality degradation in most rivers like the GangaRiver. No river can afford a situation where it is deprived of its flow and full with organic matter and nutrients. The efforts made to restore water quality through the Ganga Action Plan were not enough, due to fast growth in the urban population along theShow MoreRelatedTexas Campaign For The Environment882 Words   |  4 PagesGlobal warming or climate change has been a big issue that humans must resolve. However, a lot of nonprofit organizations were created on the one hand in order to sensitize population about this issue and on the other hand to fight against environment laws established by the government. We can find these organizations across the United States. For instance, in Texas we have the Texas Campaign for the Environment (TCE). Therefore, the purp ose of this paper is to describe TCE meaning, its goals, itsRead MoreProblems Associated With Water Pollution1402 Words   |  6 PagesProblems with Pollution Have you ever wondered what it would be like to not have access to a toilet or any form of proper sanitation. That is what is like for many residents in Accra, Ghana as they lack a proper restroom in their homes. Without proper waste removal, waste is piled up around the city in the waterways, gutters, and any other site unlucky enough to become a community dump site. We seek to solve this problem by informing people about the problem and providing money to organizationsRead MoreClimate Change : How It Affects People And The Environment Essay1491 Words   |  6 Pagesenvironment. You must include a map showing the location of the issue (you may find one on the internet or construct it yourself). You may include any other visuals such as photos, diagrams. Nowadays human activities like driving cars, burning coal and cutting down forests and farming produce greenhouse gases. The greenhouse gases are mainly carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane. These gases gather in the atmosphere and attract heat from the sun. The more greenhouse gases we produce, the fasterRead MoreClimate Change : How It Affects People And The Environment1646 Words   |  7 Pagesenvironment. You must include a map showing the location of the issue (you may find one on the internet or construct it yourself). You may include any other visuals such as photos, diagrams. Nowadays human activities like driving cars, burning coal and cutting down forests and farming produce greenhouse gases. The greenhouse gases are mainly carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane. These gases gather in the atmosphere and attract heat from the sun. The more greenhouse gases we produce, the fasterRead MoreEssay1467 Words   |  6 PagesYork University, and I am making a personal follow up on the issue of climate change in Canada. As a fellow Canadian, I am concerned about the environment in this country. We, humans, destroy this beautiful environment more each day without any guilt within ourselves. I am writing to you to explain in simple terms that we must take responsibility of our environment. The main issue that I would like to address to you about is climate change and other environmental problems. Climate change is any significantRead MoreA Report On Energy Industry1614 Words   |  7 Pagestreasure-trove of funding for green innovation and increased productivity. However, due to negative global economic conditions, companies are going to have to fight harder than ever for the decreasing availability of precious green dollars. This funding battle is going to create many winners and the renewable energy industry is going to be at the heart of the fight. Socio-cultural Slowly, but surely, green technology is gaining ground when measuring global energy demand. According to the U.S. Energy InformationRead MoreThe Pollution Of Fossil Fuels1651 Words   |  7 Pageswhether it’s 10 years from now or 1000, the threat still looms. However, there is a much greater problem fossil fuels pose that already affects everyone today. The burning of crude oil, coal, and natural gas to create energy cause pollution that affects the atmosphere, the water, and the health of everyone. The smog that comes from the smokestacks at power plants fills the air with more carbon dioxide than nature can balance out. This excess carbon dioxide interferes with the atmosphere and pokes holesRead MoreEnvironmental Concerns : Clean Water, Air Pollution1464 Words   |  6 PagesIn times like theses, environmental concerns such as clean water, air pollution, wildfire and the like should be put on the back burner so that the economy can grow and we can create more jobs. From time to time, economic, environment, and political issues are treated with a different level of severity but more importantly they are treated separately. It is as if the three types of issue are of different entities. However what most failed to realize is that all those issues are interconnected onRead MoreEnvironmental Justice Issue Of Environmental Discrimination Into The Great Lakes Restoration Initiative1748 Words   |  7 Pagesstates use it as a water source for a total of about 10 million people. Since the passing of the Clean Water Act, industries like U.S. Steel Industry have been using the loopholes found in the bill to further their profit, and as a side effect has caused damage to the water supply, disproportionately affecting people in marginalized communities. By using these loopholes, the Great Lakes are continually polluted, which causes appalling damage to the millions of people who use the water for drinking andRead MoreWhen Will Lebanon Ever Be At Peace? Es say1691 Words   |  7 PagesWhen will Lebanon ever be at peace? As one problem is dealt with another rises and many places Lebanon are in trouble again. The latest problem we, as Lebanese, are faced with is the garbage problem. Living in a country without a president, for over a year, Lebanon has tried its best to strive forward and become a better place; however this has not been possible. Dumping garbage is not new for Lebanese, but over the summer it had increased drastically, developing into a crisis with no solution until

Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud

Questions: 1. Discuss a range of research methods jcommonly used by phsychologists and explain why scientific methodology is crucial to psychology.2. Evaluate these two approaches in terms of how effective they are in explaining jasck's behaviour.3. Adhering to ethical guidelines is vital when carrying out any psychological research. Becauwe we are dealing with people it is vital that their well being is safeguarded and that an ethical code of practive is followed. With this in mind discuss the ethical implications of psychological research. Answers: 1. A number of approaches are used in research methods. These methods vary on the sources of information from which they are derived, how sampling is done in the study, and what instruments are used in the study by the researcher. Sometimes, it also depends on qualitative data or quantitative data or on both. Usually, there are three main types of research conducted in psychology. These are: Co-relational research: These groups of researchers depend on a statistical relationship to determine the relationship between two random variables from two different sets of data and then they come to a conclusion (Myers, 2004). Descriptive research: These groups of researchers describe the characteristics of a particular population which they study. They do not pass on to respond the questions about how or why or when did a scrupulous trait happen. Rather, they centre their study on what is the distinctiveness that displayed the temperament traits. They submit to a few kind of uncompromising scheme also recognized as evocative categories (Myers, 2010). Experimental research: This group of researchers utilize human participant and creature subjects to learn a range of topics like feeling, awareness, recollection, cognition, erudition, inspiration, sentiment, developmental procedure, communal psychology and the unbiased neural substrates of all these. Psychological research often varies over the periods of time over which the research is conducted. Based on such variation, the different approaches are Retrospective cohort study, Prospective cohort study, Cross-sectional study and a Longitudinal Study (Ratcliffe, 2007). The scientific method is crucial to psychology because it is an arranged system of measures that is used in a research related to psychology. When scientific method is used, there are four main goals that are attached to it. Firstly, what the researcher wants to research is figured out, secondly, appropriate data is collected and analysed, thirdly, relevant conclusions from the data collected in second step is drawn and finally, the findings of the research are communicated to the pool of psychological knowledge. The research is done in a very organized way by underlining a theory and a hypothesis. The researcher keeps a set goal to either prove or disprove the hypothesis. The researcher can also rely on several types of studies to prove his research. He can range from experiments, surveys, descriptive studies, non-descriptive studies and case studies. The key component in scientific method is critical thinking. Critical thinking relies on the formula as Reason + Conclusion = Argument. 2. There is boy of 22 years called Jack. He was convicted for robbery by using any fire weapon. He had no family as such. His parents were divorced. His biological father was also sentencing for some criminal offence and his step father abused his brutally. At the age of 15 he leaves he house and joint in different anti social activity. There are different approaches to the psychology. For this case we can choose two approaches. Humanism Approach: Humanism approach is meant for the study of the whole human being. The psychologists under this approach not only look though the eye of the person but also look from the perspective of that person whose behaviours are going to be analysis (Martin, Carlson Buskist, 2010). This approach believes that the behaviours of any person are associated with the internal feeling of that person. This approach state the view that every individual is unique and exclusive and also possesses the free will which can change his or her life any of the point of time. This approach suggests that every individual is liable for his own happiness or sorrow. This perspective advocates for the full approach a human being. If we consider this case study we can find that the person Jack is doing all this for the bad rearing and care in childhood. For that he mixed with bad people who spoil them totally. To understand his behaviour, it is important to study the whole human nature of the individual. According to his study the internal sentimental level is very important. The obverse must understand the mind and perspective of the person who is under the observation. In this case the person Jack suffered a lot from the childhood and he has to accept all this wrong activities for living. At first he was not a criminal but slowly he engages in all the matters. So in this case to understand his psychology the process of humanism is most effected method. The whole study of his life style and perspective can provide accurate idea about his mental state. Psychodynamic approach: This approach advocates and assumes that the human behaviour is resolute by the unconscious factors of mind which are not seen by the man or they are unaware of the fact. The hidden motive and intention are actually liable for the behaviour of the human. This approach states that there were three biological elements (Frawley-O'Dea Sarnat, 2001). Every person has biological influence like drinking, eating, sex, anger etc that identifies as id. These basic needs must be satisfied by the human being. But the super ego prevents these things. This is basically the morality part of the human brain. This part controls the anxiety and prevents a person from committing guilty. Between these two terms that is id and super ego there is another element called ego (Freud, 2001). This thing tries to look out the path of satisfying the id in the manner by which the super ego accepts the matters. This sometimes incorporate the use of defence structures converts the subconscious elements towards mor e acceptable mode (Freud, 2001). This theory is propounded by Sigmund Freud. This theory advocates the study of human being by observing the hidden concerns of human mind by which the individual performs anything or observes anything. Basically the theorist have collect huge amount of data about the individual (Freud, 2001). The case study method is appropriate in this connection. The observer must collect the data about the human being from all the behaviour and surroundings of that person and then analysis the matter in the light of this theory. The magic is involved in the three terms prescribed under this theory. If the id supersedes super ego then the people commits crime. If the ego control and make proper harmony between these two then the individual must lead a balanced lifestyle. Everything in this society depends on these three mental stages of human being. Now come to the case study, we can state that the mental behaviour of Jack can be understood in the light of this theory. As a human being Jack also possesses the three mental elements. Id states him to commit the crime but super ego prevents him. Ego try to create a linkup between these two. Due to huge exploitation and bad culture from the very childhood his superego actually did not prevent him from committing the crime or rather we can say that the id supersedes the effects of super ego. The super ego in his case could not prevent him from doing the crime because of the socio cultural effect on him. No one from the childhood helped him to learn what is good or what is bad. He struggle for his life and in this process he lost his super egos control on his mind. 3. Zimbardo prison experiment is a form of experiment where a group of student sent to jail to observe the life style of the prisoners (Haney Zimbardo, 1998). In this study the students are divided into two groups. One group performed the role of prisoners and another group plays the role of prison personnel. They are instructed to act exactly like the two groups by observing the mentality of the two sects. After the whole experience it was observed that the prisoners are hugely exploited by the prison personnel (Zimbardo, 2006). They are not at all treated as a human being. The staffs tortured them like animal behave very badly. The treatments towards them are very unethical and brutal. Different psychological approaches state that maximum of the offender commits the crime due to different mental complicacies. Some of them are not getting proper education and socio cultural background like a normal person so they commit the crime. Above all, the prisoners are also human being. They must be treated as human. This is very unethical to treat in a brutal way. The ethical sense indicates that the approaches which are incorporated in the prison policy are absolutely wrong. The ethical approach explains to behave more leniently with them. Actually in reality the moderate behaviour and approach helps the criminals to come out from the criminal mental set ups in many cases (Rawls, 1971). The brutal behaviours sometime create more complicacies in that situation. The ethical approach actually advocates establishing the human rights of the prisoners. The prisoners are also human being but to some extent psychological disbalance instigate them to commit crime. 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